Ecclesiastes 1

Prologue

1The words of the Teacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.[#Hebrew “Qohelet”]

Motto Introduced

2“Vanity of vanities!” says the Teacher,[#Hebrew “Qohelet”]

All Toil is Profitless and Repetitious

3What does a person gain in all his toil

4A generation goes, and a generation comes,

5The sun rises, and the sun goes down;

6The wind goes to the south and goes around to the north;

7All the streams flow to the sea,

to the place where the streams flow,

8All things toil continuously;[#Or “are wearisome”]

The eye is never satisfied with seeing,

9What has been—it is what will be;

10There is a thing of which it is said, “Look at this! This is new!”

11There is neither remembrance of former generations,

Qohelet Introduces His Quest

12I, the Teacher, was king over Israel in Jerusalem.[#Hebrew “Qohelet”]

13I applied my mind to seek and to search by wisdom all that is done under the heavens. It is a grievous task God has given to humans.[#MT reads “under the heavens,” which is supported by LXX; however, several versions (Syriac Peshitta, Aramaic Targum, Latin Vulgate) as well as the Cairo Geniza manuscript read, “under the sun,” cf. 1:3, 9, etc.; #Literally “the sons of the man”]

14I saw all the works that are done under the sun. Look! Everything is vanity and chasing wind.

15What is twisted cannot be straightened,[#The MT reads the active “to be straight”; however, the BHS editors suggest the passive “to be straightened,” which is supported by LXX, which reflects a passive form]

16I said to myself, “Look! I have become great and have increased in wisdom more than anyone who has preceded me over Jerusalem. I have acquired a great deal of wisdom and knowledge.”[#Literally “I myself said to my heart”; #Literally “before me”; #Literally “And my mind has seen much wisdom and knowledge”]

17So I dedicated myself to learn about wisdom and to learn about delusion and folly. However, I discovered that this also is chasing wind.[#Literally “So I gave my heart”; #Or “I knew”]

18For in much wisdom is much frustration,[#Or “vexation”]

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