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1Now in the twelfth month (that is, the month Adar), on the thirteenth day, when the king’s edict and his decree were to be carried out on the day that the enemies of the Jews had hoped to have power over them, things were turned around. The Jews gained power over those who hated them.[#Est 3:13; 8:12]
2The Jews had assembled in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus in order to forcibly assault those seeking their injury. No man could stand before them because the dread of them had fallen on all people.[#Est 8:11; #Est 8:17]
3All the rulers of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors, and all those doing the work of the king were helping the Jews, because the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them.[#Ezr 8:36]
4For Mordecai had become great in the king’s house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces because Mordecai grew more powerful.[#2Sa 3:1; 1Ch 11:9]
5So the Jews struck all their enemies by sword, slaughtering and destroying them, and doing to those who hated them as they pleased.
6In the citadel of Susa, the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men,
7along with Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha,
8Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha,
9Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, and Vaizatha.
10These were the ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews, whom they killed, but they did not lay a hand on the plunder.[#Est 5:11; #Est 8:11]
11On that day the number of those who were killed in the citadel of Susa was reported before the king.
12The king said to Queen Esther, “The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in the citadel of Susa and the ten sons of Haman. What have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? Now what is your petition? It shall be granted you! What is your request further? It shall be done!”[#Est 5:6; 7:2]
13Then Esther said, “If it pleases the king, let it be granted to the Jews in Susa to do again tomorrow according to this day’s decree. Let the ten sons of Haman be hanged on the gallows.”[#Dt 21:23]
14So the king commanded that it be so done, and the decree was given at Susa, and they hanged the ten sons of Haman.
15The Jews in Susa assembled again on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar; they killed three hundred more there, but they did not lay a hand on the plunder.[#Est 8:11; 9:10]
16But the rest of the Jews in the king’s provinces assembled to defend their lives. Some had rest from their enemies, while others killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them, but no one took from the plunder.[#Lev 26:7–8; Est 8:11; 9:2]
17Because this occurred on the thirteenth day of the month Adar, they rested on the fourteenth day and made it a day of feasting and rejoicing.[#Est 9:1; #Est 9:21]
18Because the Jews in Susa had assembled on the thirteenth day and the fourteenth day of Adar, then on the fifteenth day they rested and made it a day of feasting and rejoicing.
19Therefore, the Jews of the rural areas, who were living in the villages, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of rejoicing and feasting and a special day for sending portions of food to one another.
20Mordecai recorded these events and sent letters to all the Jews throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far,
21in order to institute for them the celebration for the fourteenth day and the fifteenth day of the month of Adar, each and every year,
22as the days when the Jews had rest from their enemies, and as the month when things turned around for them—changing from sorrow to joy and from mourning into a favorable day —so that they could celebrate a season of feasting and rejoicing and sending food portions to one another and gifts to the poor.[#Ps 30:11]
23So the Jews accepted what had begun as tradition, as Mordecai had written to them.
24Haman, the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur (that is, cast lots), to crush and destroy them.
25But when Esther came before the king, he ordered by letter that the wicked plot which Haman had devised against the Jews should come upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.[#Ps 7:16]
26Therefore, they call these days Purim on the basis of the name Pur. Furthermore, based on all the information of this letter, along with what they had seen in this regard and what had happened to them,
27the Jews instituted and accepted as tradition for themselves, for their descendants, and for all joining with them not to fail in observing the celebration of these two days as prescribed and as specified in each and every year.[#Est 8:17]
28These days should be remembered and celebrated throughout every generation, every family, province, and city, so that these days of Purim will not lose their significance among the Jews, and the commemoration of these days will not cease among their descendants.
29Then Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew wrote with all authority, to confirm this second letter about Purim.[#Est 2:15; #Est 9:20]
30He sent the letters to all the Jews, to the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, with instructions for peace and truth[#Est 1:1; 8:9]
31in order to confirm these days of Purim at their appointed times, as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had instituted for themselves and for their offspring, with the instructions for their times of fasting and their lamenting.[#Est 4:3, 16]
32The command of Esther confirmed these traditions of Purim, and it was written in the book.