Submission to Civil Government

¹Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except by God’s appointment, and the authorities that exist have been instituted by God.[#tn Grk “by God.”]

²So the person who resists such authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will incur judgment[#tn Grk “the authority,” referring to the authority just described.]

³(for rulers cause no fear for good conduct but for bad). Do you desire not to fear authority? Do good and you will receive its commendation,

⁴for it is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be in fear, for it does not bear the sword in vain. It is God’s servant to administer retribution on the wrongdoer.

⁵Therefore it is necessary to be in subjection, not only because of the wrath of the authorities but also because of your conscience.[#tn Grk “its wrath”; the referent (the governing authorities) has been specified in the translation for clarity.; #tn Grk “because of (the) conscience,” but the English possessive “your” helps to show whose conscience the context implies.]

⁶For this reason you also pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants devoted to governing.[#tn Grk “they”; the referent (the governing authorities) has been specified in the translation for clarity.; #tn Grk “devoted to this very thing.”]

⁷Pay everyone what is owed: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

Exhortation to Love Neighbors

⁸Owe no one anything, except to love one another, for the one who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law.

⁹For the commandments, “, , , , ” (and if there is any other commandment) are summed up in this, “Love your neighbor as yourself .”[#tn Grk “For the…” (with the word “commandments” supplied for clarity). The Greek article (“the”) is used here as a substantiver to introduce the commands that are quoted from the second half of the Decalogue (ExSyn 238).; #sn A quotation from Exod 20:13-15, 17; Deut 5:17-19, 21.; #sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.]

¹⁰Love does no wrong to a neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.

Motivation to Godly Conduct

¹¹And do this because we know the time, that it is already the hour for us to awake from sleep, for our salvation is now nearer than when we became believers.[#tn Grk “and this,” probably referring to the command to love (13:8-10); hence, “do” is implied from the previous verses.; #tn The participle εἰδότες (eidotes) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.]

¹²The night has advanced toward dawn; the day is near. So then we must lay aside the works of darkness, and put on the weapons of light.

¹³Let us live decently as in the daytime, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and sensuality, not in discord and jealousy.

¹⁴Instead, put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh to arouse its desires.[#tn Grk “make no provision for the flesh unto desires.”]