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1Saul was 30 years old when he became king, and he reigned 42 years over Israel.[#Some LXX mss; MT reads was one year; #Text emended; MT reads two years; #Some LXX mss omit v. 1]
2He chose 3,000 men from Israel for himself: 2,000 were with Saul at Michmash and in Bethel’s hill country, and 1,000 were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. He sent the rest of the troops away, each to his own tent.[#1Sm 14:31; #1Sm 10:26]
3Jonathan attacked the Philistine garrison that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard about it. So Saul blew the ram’s horn throughout the land saying, “Let the Hebrews hear! ”[#Or governor; #1Sm 10:5; #1Sm 13:16; 14:5; #Jdg 3:27; 6:34; #LXX reads The slaves have revolted; #Nm 10:9; Jdg 3:27; 6:34]
4And all Israel heard the news, “Saul has attacked the Philistine garrison, and Israel is now repulsive to the Philistines.” Then the troops were summoned to join Saul at Gilgal.[#Or governor]
5The Philistines also gathered to fight against Israel: 3,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen, and troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore. They went up and camped at Michmash, east of Beth-aven.[#One LXX ms, Syr; MT reads 30,000; #Jos 11:4; #LXX reads Michmash, opposite Beth-horon to the south; #1Sm 14:23]
6The men of Israel saw that they were in trouble because the troops were in a difficult situation. They hid in caves, thickets, among rocks, and in holes and cisterns.[#Jdg 6:2]
7Some Hebrews even crossed the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead.
Saul, however, was still at Gilgal, and all his troops were gripped with fear.
8He waited seven days for the appointed time that Samuel had set, but Samuel didn’t come to Gilgal, and the troops were deserting him.[#1Sm 10:8]
9So Saul said, “Bring me the burnt offering and the fellowship offerings.” Then he offered the burnt offering.
10Just as he finished offering the burnt offering, Samuel arrived. So Saul went out to greet him,
11and Samuel asked, “What have you done? ”
Saul answered, “When I saw that the troops were deserting me and you didn’t come within the appointed days and the Philistines were gathering at Michmash,
12I thought: The Philistines will now descend on me at Gilgal, and I haven’t sought the Lord ’s favor. So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”
13Samuel said to Saul, “You have been foolish. You have not kept the command which the Lord your God gave you. It was at this time that the Lord would have permanently established your reign over Israel,[#2Ch 16:9; #1Sm 15:22,28; #1Sm 1:22]
14but now your reign will not endure. The Lord has found a man loyal to Him, and the Lord has appointed him as ruler over His people, because you have not done what the Lord commanded.”[#1Sm 15:28; #Lit man according to His heart; #1Sm 16:7; Ac 13:22]
15Then Samuel went from Gilgal to Gibeah in Benjamin. Saul registered the troops who were with him, about 600 men.[#LXX reads Samuel left Gilgal and went on his way, and the rest of the people followed Saul to join the people in his army. They went]
16Saul, his son Jonathan, and the troops who were with them were staying in Geba of Benjamin, and the Philistines were camped at Michmash.[#1Sm 13:2-3]
17Raiding parties went out from the Philistine camp in three divisions. One division headed toward the Ophrah road leading to the land of Shual.[#1Sm 14:15; #Jos 18:23]
18The next division headed toward the Beth-horon road, and the last division headed down the border road that looks out over the Valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.[#Jos 18:13-14; #Neh 11:34]
19No blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel, because the Philistines had said, “Otherwise, the Hebrews will make swords or spears.”[#Jdg 5:8; 2Kg 24:14]
20So all the Israelites went to the Philistines to sharpen their plows, mattocks, axes, and sickles.[#LXX; MT reads plowshares]
21The price was two-thirds of a shekel for plows and mattocks, and one-third of a shekel for pitchforks and axes, and for putting a point on an oxgoad.[#Lit of a pim ; about 1/4 ounce of silver]
22So on the day of battle not a sword or spear could be found in the hand of any of the troops who were with Saul and Jonathan; only Saul and his son Jonathan had weapons.[#Jdg 5:8]
23Now a Philistine garrison took control of the pass at Michmash.[#1Sm 14:1; 2Sm 23:14]