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1Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil.[#Jesus, proclaimed Son of God at his baptism, is subjected to a triple temptation. Obedience to the Father is a characteristic of true sonship, and Jesus is tempted by the devil to rebel against God, overtly in the third case, more subtly in the first two. Each refusal of Jesus is expressed in language taken from the Book of Deuteronomy (Dt 8:3; 6:13, 16). The testings of Jesus resemble those of Israel during the wandering in the desert and later in Canaan, and the victory of Jesus, the true Israel and the true Son, contrasts with the failure of the ancient and disobedient “son,” the old Israel. In the temptation account Matthew is almost identical with Luke; both seem to have drawn upon the same source.; #Mk 1:12–13; Lk 4:1–13.]
2He fasted for forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was hungry.[#Ex 24:18; Dt 8:2.; #: the same time as that during which Moses remained on Sinai (Ex 24:18). The time reference, however, seems primarily intended to recall the forty years during which Israel was tempted in the desert (Dt 8:2).]
3The tempter approached and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command that these stones become loaves of bread.”
4He said in reply, “It is written:[#Cf. Dt 8:3. Jesus refuses to use his power for his own benefit and accepts whatever God wills.; #Dt 8:3.]
‘One does not live by bread alone,
but by every word that comes forth from the mouth of God.’”
5Then the devil took him to the holy city, and made him stand on the parapet of the temple,[#The devil supports his proposal by an appeal to the scriptures, Ps 91:11a, 12. Unlike Israel (Dt 6:16), Jesus refuses to “test” God by demanding from him an extraordinary show of power.]
6and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down. For it is written:
‘He will command his angels concerning you’
and ‘with their hands they will support you,
lest you dash your foot against a stone.’”
7Jesus answered him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.’”[#Dt 6:16.]
8Then the devil took him up to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in their magnificence,
9and he said to him, “All these I shall give to you, if you will prostrate yourself and worship me.”[#The worship of Satan to which Jesus is tempted is probably intended to recall Israel’s worship of false gods. His refusal is expressed in the words of Dt 6:13.]
10At this, Jesus said to him, “Get away, Satan! It is written:
‘The Lord, your God, shall you worship
and him alone shall you serve.’”
11Then the devil left him and, behold, angels came and ministered to him.
The Beginning of the Galilean Ministry.
12When he heard that John had been arrested, he withdrew to Galilee.[#Mk 1:14–15; Lk 4:14, 31.]
13He left Nazareth and went to live in Capernaum by the sea, in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali,[#Jn 2:12.]
14that what had been said through Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled:
15“Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali,[#Is 8:23 LXX; 9:1.]
the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan,
Galilee of the Gentiles,
16the people who sit in darkness
have seen a great light,
on those dwelling in a land overshadowed by death
light has arisen.”
17From that time on, Jesus began to preach and say, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”[#At the beginning of his preaching Jesus takes up the words of John the Baptist (Mt 3:2) although with a different meaning; in his ministry the kingdom of heaven has already begun to be present (Mt 12:28).; #3:2.]
The Call of the First Disciples.
18As he was walking by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon who is called Peter, and his brother Andrew, casting a net into the sea; they were fishermen.[#Mk 1:16–20; Lk 5:1–11.]
19He said to them, “Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.”
20At once they left their nets and followed him.[#Here and in Mt 4:22, as in Mark (Mk 1:16–20) and unlike the Lucan account (Lk 5:1–11), the disciples’ response is motivated only by Jesus’ invitation, an element that emphasizes his mysterious power.]
21He walked along from there and saw two other brothers, James, the son of Zebedee, and his brother John. They were in a boat, with their father Zebedee, mending their nets. He called them,
22and immediately they left their boat and their father and followed him.
Ministering to a Great Multitude.
23He went around all of Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and curing every disease and illness among the people.[#: Matthew usually designates the Jewish synagogues as (Mt 9:35; 10:17; 12:9; 13:54) or, in address to Jews, (Mt 23:34), an indication that he wrote after the break between church and synagogue.; #9:35; Mk 1:39; Lk 4:15, 44.]
24His fame spread to all of Syria, and they brought to him all who were sick with various diseases and racked with pain, those who were possessed, lunatics, and paralytics, and he cured them.[#: the Roman province to which Palestine belonged.]
25And great crowds from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, and Judea, and from beyond the Jordan followed him.[#Mk 3:7–8; Lk 6:17–19.; #: a federation of Greek cities in Palestine, originally ten in number, all but one east of the Jordan.]