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1Saul was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty-two years over Israel.[#13:1 Lit. “The son of a year was Saul in his ruling and two years he ruled over Israel.” Most translations supply Saul’s age and length of reign from Gk manuscripts, external evidence (e.g., Josephus), or from the New Testament (Luke mentions a forty-year reign for Saul in Ac 13:21).]
2Saul chose for himself three thousand men of Israel. Two thousand were with Saul in Mikmash and in mountains of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. The rest of the people he sent each to his tent.[#1Sa 13:5; #1Sa 10:26]
3Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear.”[#1Sa 10:5; #Jdg 3:27]
4All Israel heard that Saul had struck the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel had become odious to the Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal.[#Ge 34:30; Ex 5:21]
5The Philistines gathered together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots and six thousand horsemen, with people like the sand which is on the seashore in multitude. And they came up and camped in Mikmash, east of Beth-aven.[#Jos 11:4; #1Sa 14:23]
6When Israel’s fighting men saw that they were in a strait (for the people were distressed), then the people hid themselves in caves, in hollows, among rocks, and in cellars and cisterns.[#Jdg 6:2; Heb 11:38]
7Some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead.
But as for Saul, he was still in Gilgal, and all the people followed him, trembling.
8He waited seven days, according to the set time that Samuel had appointed. But Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the people were scattered from him.[#1Sa 10:8]
9Saul said, “Bring here to me the burnt offering and the peace offerings.” Then he offered the burnt offering.[#Dt 12:6; 1Ki 3:4]
10When he finished offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came. And Saul went out to meet him to greet him.[#1Sa 15:13]
11Samuel said, “What have you done?”
And Saul said, “Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that you did not come to the appointed assembly days, and the Philistines are gathering themselves together at Mikmash,
12therefore I said, ‘The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not yet appeased the face of the Lord .’ So I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.”
13Samuel said to Saul, “You have done foolishly. You have not kept the commandment of the Lord your God, which He commanded you. Truly now, the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever.[#2Ch 16:9; #1Sa 15:11]
14But now your kingdom will not continue. The Lord has sought for Himself a man after His own heart and the Lord has commanded him to be prince over His people, because you have not kept that which the Lord commanded you.”[#1Sa 15:28; #Ac 13:22]
15Samuel arose, and went up from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, about six hundred men.[#1Sa 13:2; 14:2]
16Now Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were with them, were staying in Gibeah of Benjamin, but the Philistines encamped in Mikmash.
17Then raiders came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies. One company turned to the way that leads to Ophrah, to the land of Shual.[#1Sa 14:15; #Jos 18:23]
18And another company turned the way to Beth-horon. And another company turned to the way of the border that looks to the Valley of Zeboyim toward the wilderness.[#Jos 18:13–14; #Ne 11:34]
19Now there was no blacksmith found throughout all the land of Israel. For the Philistines said, “Lest the Hebrews make for themselves swords or spears.”[#2Ki 24:14; #Jdg 5:8]
20So all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his plow-point, his axe, his sickle and his hoe.
21The sharpening charge was two-thirds of a shekel for plowshares, axes, pitchforks, and sickles, and to fix an ox goad.[#13:21 About 1/4 ounce, or 8 grams.]
22So on the day of battle neither sword nor spear were found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan. But they were found in the hand of Saul and Jonathan his son.
23And the garrison of the Philistines had marched out to the ravine of Mikmash.[#Isa 10:28]