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1A shoot will grow out of Jesse’s root stock,[#sn The text mentions David’s father Jesse, instead of the great king himself. Perhaps this is done for rhetorical reasons to suggest that a new David, not just another disappointing Davidic descendant, will arise. Other prophets call the coming ideal Davidic king “David” or picture him as the second coming of David, as it were. See Jer 30:9; Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-25; Hos 3:5; and Mic 5:2 (as well as the note there).]
a bud will sprout from his roots.
2The Lord ’s spirit will rest on him –[#sn Like David (1 Sam 16:13), this king will be energized by the Lord’s spirit.]
a spirit that gives extraordinary wisdom,
a spirit that provides the ability to execute plans,
a spirit that produces absolute loyalty to the Lord .
3He will take delight in obeying the Lord .[#tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “and his smelling is in the fear of the Lord.” In Amos 5:21 the Hiphil of רוּחַ (ruakh, “smell”) carries the nuance of “smell with delight, get pleasure from.” There the Lord declares that he does not “smell with delight” (i.e., get pleasure from) Israel’s religious assemblies, which probably stand by metonymy for the incense offered during these festivals. In Isa 11:3 there is no sacrificial context to suggest such a use, but it is possible that “the fear of the Lord” is likened to incense. This coming king will get the same kind of delight from obeying (fearing) the Lord, as a deity does in the incense offered by worshipers. Some regard such an explanation as strained in this context, and prefer to omit this line from the text as a virtual dittograph of the preceding statement.]
He will not judge by mere appearances,
or make decisions on the basis of hearsay.
4He will treat the poor fairly,[#tn Heb “with justice” (so NAB) or “with righteousness” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).]
and make right decisions for the downtrodden of the earth.
He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth,
and order the wicked to be executed.
5Justice will be like a belt around his waist,
integrity will be like a belt around his hips.
6A wolf will reside with a lamb,[#tn The verb גּוּר (gur) normally refers to living as a dependent, resident alien in another society.]
and a leopard will lie down with a young goat;
an ox and a young lion will graze together,
as a small child leads them along.
7A cow and a bear will graze together,
their young will lie down together.
A lion, like an ox, will eat straw.
8A baby will play[#tn Heb “one sucking,” i.e., still being nursed by his mother.]
over the hole of a snake;
over the nest of a serpent
an infant will put his hand.
9They will no longer injure or destroy
on my entire royal mountain.
For there will be universal submission to the Lord ’s sovereignty,
just as the waters completely cover the sea.
10At that time a root from Jesse will stand like a signal flag for the nations. Nations will look to him for guidance, and his residence will be majestic.[#tn Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.; #sn See the note at v. 1.; #tn Heb “ a root from Jesse, which stands for a signal flag of the nations, of him nations will inquire” [or “seek”].]
11At that time the sovereign master will again lift his hand to reclaim the remnant of his people from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the seacoasts.[#tn Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.; #tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).; #tc The Hebrew text reads, “the sovereign master will again, a second time, his hand.” The auxiliary verb יוֹסִיף (yosif), which literally means “add,” needs a main verb to complete it. Consequently many emend שֵׁנִית (shenit, “a second time”) to an infinitive. Some propose the form שַׁנֹּת (shannot, a Piel infinitive construct from שָׁנָה, shanah) and relate it semantically to an Arabic cognate meaning “to be high.” If the Hebrew text is retained a verb must be supplied. “Second time” would allude back to the events of the Exodus (see vv. 15-16).; #tn Or “acquire”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “recover.”; #tn Heb “the remnant of his people who remain.”; #sn Perhaps a reference to Upper (i.e., southern) Egypt (so NIV, NLT; NCV “South Egypt”).; #tn Or “Ethiopia” (NAB, NRSV, NLT).; #tn Or “Babylonia” (NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).; #tn Or perhaps, “the islands of the sea.”]
12He will lift a signal flag for the nations;
he will gather Israel’s dispersed people
and assemble Judah’s scattered people
from the four corners of the earth.
13Ephraim’s jealousy will end,[#tn Heb “turn aside”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “depart.”]
and Judah’s hostility will be eliminated.
Ephraim will no longer be jealous of Judah,
and Judah will no longer be hostile toward Ephraim.
14They will swoop down on the Philistine hills to the west;[#tn Heb “fly.” Ephraim/Judah are compared to a bird of prey.; #tn Heb “on the shoulder of Philistia toward the sea.” This refers to the slopes of the hill country west of Judah. See HALOT 506 s.v. כָּתֵף.]
together they will loot the people of the east.
They will take over Edom and Moab,
and the Ammonites will be their subjects.
15The Lord will divide the gulf of the Egyptian Sea;[#tn The verb is usually understood as “put under the ban, destroy,” or emended to חָרָב (kharav, “dry up”). However, HALOT 354 s.v. II חרם proposes a homonymic root meaning “divide.”; #tn Heb “tongue” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).; #sn That is, the Red Sea.]
he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River and send a strong wind,
he will turn it into seven dried-up streams,
and enable them to walk across in their sandals.
16There will be a highway leading out of Assyria
for the remnant of his people,
just as there was for Israel,
when they went up from the land of Egypt.