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1It was the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who ruled over the Assyrians in the great city of Nineveh. At the same time, Arphaxad ruled over the Medes in Ecbatana.[#1:1 The 12th year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign was 593 b.c.]
2Arphaxad built walls around Ecbatana with huge stones 4-1/2 feet thick and 9 feet long. These walls were 105 feet high and 75 feet thick.[#1:2a Greek 3 cubits [1.4 meters] thick and 6 cubits [2.8 meters] long. In this chapter, the distance measures are calculated from the Greek cubit at a ratio of 18 inches [46 centimeters] per cubit.; #1:2b Greek 70 cubits [32.2 meters] high and 50 cubits [23 meters] thick.]
3He also made towers that were 150 feet high and 90 feet wide at the foundation.[#1:3 Greek 100 cubits [46 meters] high and 60 cubits [27.6 meters] wide.]
4He built the gateways of the city 105 feet high and 60 feet wide to allow his armies to march out in force, division by division.[#1:4 Greek 70 cubits [32.2 meters] high and 40 cubits [18 meters] wide.]
5In those days King Nebuchadnezzar fought against King Arphaxad on the great plain near the borders of Ragau.[#1:5 Ragau was a city located near present-day Teheran.]
6Nebuchadnezzar was joined by people from the hill country, from along the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Hydaspes, and from the plain where Arioch ruled over the Elymeans. In this way, many nations joined forces with the Babylonians.[#1:6 Greek Chaldeans.]
7Then Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians, sent a message to everyone in Persia and to all who lived in the west. The message went to those in Cilicia, Damascus, and the region of Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, and to all the people on the seacoast.
8The message also went to the people of Carmel, Gilead, Upper Galilee, the great plain of Esdraelon,
9the towns of Samaria, and to everyone who lived west of the Jordan River. This included Jerusalem, Bethany, Chelous, and Kadesh. The message went as far as the border of Egypt to Tahpanhes, Rameses, and the whole land of Goshen.[#1:9 Greek the river of Egypt, referring either to an eastern branch of the Nile River or to the brook of Egypt in the Sinai (see Num 34:5).]
10It even went beyond Tanis and Memphis to the entire land of Egypt as far as the border of Ethiopia.
11But everyone throughout the region chose to disregard the summons from Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians, refusing to join him in war. They were not afraid of him; after all, he was just one man. So they dishonored him by sending back his messengers with a negative response.[#1:11 Or just a human being.]
12Then King Nebuchadnezzar became angry. He swore by his throne and kingdom that he would seek revenge on the whole territory of Cilicia and Damascus and Syria. He vowed to kill all the people of Moab, Ammon, Judea, and Egypt as far as the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.[#1:12 Greek as far as the coast of the two seas.]
13In the seventeenth year of his reign, Nebuchadnezzar led his forces against King Arphaxad and defeated him in battle, overpowering Arphaxad’s entire army, including all his horsemen and chariots.[#1:13 The 17th year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign was 588 b.c.]
14He took possession of all the towns and then conquered Ecbatana, capturing its towers, plundering its marketplaces, and reducing its glory to ruins.
15He captured Arphaxad in the mountains of Ragau and killed him with spears, thus destroying him once and for all.
16Then Nebuchadnezzar returned to Nineveh with his entire army, a vast number of troops. There he and his army rested and feasted for 120 days.