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1Here is the Lord ’s proclamation to my lord:[#tn The word נְאֻם (nÿ’um) is used frequently in the OT of a formal divine announcement through a prophet.; #sn My lord. In the psalm’s original context the speaker is an unidentified prophetic voice in the royal court. In the course of time the psalm is applied to each successive king in the dynasty and ultimately to the ideal Davidic king. NT references to the psalm understand David to be speaking about his “lord,” the Messiah. (See Matt 22:43-45; Mark 12:36-37; Luke 20:42-44; Acts 2:34-35).]
“Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool!”
2The Lord extends your dominion from Zion.[#tn Since the Lord is mentioned in the third person (note the use of the first person in v. 1), it is likely that these are the psalmist’s words to the king, not a continuation of the oracle per se.; #tn The prefixed verbal form is understood here as descriptive-dramatic or as generalizing, though it could be taken as future.; #tn Heb “your strong scepter,” symbolic of the king’s royal authority and dominion.]
Rule in the midst of your enemies!
3Your people willingly follow you when you go into battle.[#tn Heb “your people, free will offerings.” Perhaps the people, in their willingness to volunteer, are compared metaphorically to freewill offerings. Following the LXX, some revocalize the text and read “with you is nobility.”; #tn Heb “in the day of your power.”]
On the holy hills at sunrise the dew of your youth belongs to you.
4The Lord makes this promise on oath and will not revoke it:[#tn Or “swears, vows.”; #tn Or “will not change his mind.” The negated Niphal imperfect of נָחַם (nakham) is a way of marking an announcement as an irrevocable decree. See 1 Sam 15:29; Ezek 24:14, as well as R. B. Chisholm, “Does God ‘Change His Mind’?” BSac 152 (1995): 387-99.]
“You are an eternal priest after the pattern of Melchizedek.”
5O sovereign Lord , at your right hand[#tn As pointed in the Hebrew text, this title refers to God (many medieval Hebrew mss read יְהוָה, yehveh, “Lord” here). The present translation assumes that the psalmist here addresses the Lord as he celebrates what the king is able to accomplish while positioned at God’s “right hand.” According to this view the king is the subject of the third person verb forms in vv. 5b-7. (2) Another option is to understand the king as the addressee (as in vv. 2-3). In this case “the Lord” is the subject of the third person verbs throughout vv. 5-7 and is depicted as a warrior in a very anthropomorphic manner. In this case the Lord is pictured as being at the psalmist’s right hand (just the opposite of v. 1). See Pss 16:8; 121:5. (3) A third option is to revocalize אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “Lord”) as אֲדֹנִי (’adoniy, “my lord”; see v. 1). In this case one may translate, “My lord, at his [God’s] right hand, strikes down.” In this case the king is the subject of the third person verbs in vv. 5b-7.]
he strikes down kings in the day he unleashes his anger.
6He executes judgment against the nations;[#tn The imperfect verbal forms in vv. 6-7 are understood here as descriptive-dramatic or as generalizing, though they could be taken as future.; #tn Or “among.”]
he fills the valleys with corpses;
he shatters their heads over the vast battlefield.
7From the stream along the road he drinks;
then he lifts up his head.