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1Israel is a luxuriant vine[#Ezek 15.1–5; Hos 3.4; 8.11]
that yields its fruit.
The more his fruit increased,
the more altars he built;
as his country improved,
he improved his pillars.
2Their heart is false;[#v 8 ; 1 Kings 18.21; Hos 13.16; Mt 6.24]
now they must bear their guilt.
The Lord will break down their altars
and destroy their pillars.
3For now they will say:
“We have no king,
for we do not fear the Lord ,
and a king—what could he do for us?”
4They utter mere words;[#Deut 31.16, 17; Ezek 17.13–19; Hos 4.2]
with empty oaths they make covenants;
so litigation springs up like poisonous weeds
in the furrows of the field.
5The inhabitants of Samaria tremble[#Hos 8.5, 6; 9.11]
for the calf of Beth-aven.
Its people shall mourn for it,
and its idolatrous priests shall wail over it,
over its glory that has departed from it.
6The thing itself shall be carried to Assyria[#Isa 30.3; Jer 7.24; Hos 4.7; 5.13; 11.5]
as tribute to the great king.
Ephraim shall be put to shame,
and Israel shall be ashamed of his idol.
7Samaria’s king shall perish[#Hos 13.11]
like a chip on the face of the waters.
8The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel,[#vv 2, 5 ; 1 Kings 12.30; Hos 9.6; Lk 23.30; Rev 6.16]
shall be destroyed.
Thorn and thistle shall grow up
on their altars.
They shall say to the mountains, “Cover us,”
and to the hills, “Fall on us.”
9Since the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel;[#Hos 5.8; 9.9]
there they have continued.
Shall not war overtake them in Gibeah?
10I will come against the wayward people to punish them,[#Ezek 5.13; Hos 4.9; #10.10 Cn Compare Gk: Heb In my desire]
and nations shall be gathered against them
when they are punished for their double iniquity.
11Ephraim was a trained heifer[#Ps 66.12; Jer 28.14; 50.11; Hos 4.16]
that loved to thresh,
and I spared her fair neck,
but I will make Ephraim break the ground;
Judah must plow;
Jacob must harrow for himself.
12Sow for yourselves righteousness;[#Prov 11.18; Isa 44.3; 45.8; Jer 4.3; Hos 6.3; 12.6]
reap steadfast love;
break up your fallow ground,
for it is time to seek the Lord ,
that he may come and rain righteousness upon you.
13You have plowed wickedness;[#Job 4.8; Hos 4.2; 7.3; Gal 6.7, 8]
you have reaped injustice;
you have eaten the fruit of lies.
Because you have trusted in your chariots,
in the multitude of your warriors,
14therefore the tumult of war shall rise against your people,[#Isa 17.3; Hos 13.16]
and all your fortresses shall be destroyed,
as Shalman destroyed Beth-arbel on the day of battle,
when mothers were dashed in pieces with their children.
15Thus it shall be done to you, O Bethel,[#v 7]
because of your great wickedness.
At dawn the king of Israel
shall be utterly cut off.