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1Yahweh spoke to me and said,
2“Son of man, sing a funeral song for Tyre.
3Say to Tyre, the city with ports on the Mediterranean Sea, merchant city for many peoples and many islands:
“ ‘Lord Yahweh says to you:
Tyre, you have boasted:
“I am the most beautiful city in the world !”
4Your frontiers were on the high sea,
and those who built you
made you perfect in beauty.
5As if they were building a ship
they used cypress from Mount Hermon
for all your boards,
and a tall cedar from Lebanon
to make a mast to stand above you.
6They made your oars
from oaks of Bashan,
and made you a fine deck with pines
they took from the coasts of Cyprus,
and they decorated it with ivory.
7Your sails and banners were of colorful
embroidered linen from Egypt.
Your deck awnings were made from
the finest purple and scarlet cloth from Cyprus.
8Your oarsmen were rulers from the cities of Sidon and Arvad,[#27:8 As translated from the Septuagint. In vv. 8–11, God lists those who worked on the “ship” of Tyre and describes the crew and those who repaired it.]
and your own seasoned men were your sailors.
9The elders and craftsmen of Byblos[#27:9 Or “Gebal,” better known as Byblos, a town about 90 miles (144 kilometers) north of Tyre.]
were those who caulked your seams.
“ ‘Ships and sailors the world over came to trade with you.
10Your army was composed of warriors from Persia, Lud, and Libya. By hanging their weapons on your deck , they displayed your splendor.[#27:10 This is the first mention of Persia in the Bible. The ancient Persian people lived in the land known today as Iran.; #27:10 Or “Lydia,” the western part of modern-day Turkey.; #27:10 Or “Put,” identified as modern-day Libya.; #27:10 Soldiers who traveled by ship in that day would hang their helmets and shields on the sides of the ship. In the sunlight the dozens of shiny shields and helmets would have looked impressive.]
11Soldiers from Arvad and Helech manned your walls all around. Brave warriors manned your watchtowers, hanging their shields all around your walls to make your beauty complete.’ ”[#27:11 Arvad means “den of thieves.” Arvad was an island renowned for its seamen.; #27:11 Or “men of Gamad.” Although many scholars see this as a reference to a town in Syria, the Hebrew word gamad means “brave warrior.”]
12“ ‘The people of Tarshish traded with you because of your abundant resources of every kind. They imported your products and exported silver, iron, tin, and lead.[#27:12 Tarshish was a trading colony on the west coast of Spain. The influence of Tyre was great, for Tarshish was almost twenty-five hundred miles (four thousand kilometers) from Tyre. Tarshish at that time was considered at the edge of the known world (see Jonah 1:3). There are about twenty countries and lands mentioned in Ezek. 27:12–25 that traded with Tyre. The countries range from the western end of the Mediterranean Sea to the northern tip of Mesopotamia and the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. This impressive list demonstrates how important and influential Tyre and her worldwide trade were.]
13The Greeks along with nations of Tubal and Meshech traded with you. They sold you slaves and metal utensils.[#27:13 Or “Javan,” the word for “Ionia” or “Greece.” It is the ancestral branch of the Greek people.; #27:13 Tubal means “brought forth.” In contemporary scholarship Tubal is considered to be Tabal, an Anatolian state and region north of the Black Sea, identified in Assyrian sources. There is a city in Russia named “Tubolsk.”; #27:13 Meshech means “drawing out.” Meshech was the ancestor of a people identified by Assyrian records as the “Muscu” and by Josephus as the Cappadocian “Mosocheni” (or “Mushki,” possibly Moscow).; #27:13 Or “They traded with the soul of man.” They were human traffickers.]
14The people of Beth Togarmah traded for your goods, your war horses and work horses and mules.[#27:14 Beth Togarmah likely refers to the people of Turkey, although some scholars identify Beth Togarmah with Armenia, which is known for horse breeding.]
15The people of Rhodes traded with you; many coastal lands were your special customers and paid you in ivory tusks and ebony wood.[#27:15 Or “Dedan,” an oasis in the Arabian desert. Rhodes is a Greek island and more easily fits as a sea trading partner with Tyre. The Septuagint is “Rhodes.”; #27:15 The Targum and the Jewish sage Rashi interpret the Hebrew word used here as “peacocks.”]
16Edom traded with you emeralds, purple cloth, embroidered work and fine linen, coral and rubies for your many fine manufactured goods.[#27:16 Or “Aram [Syria].”]
17Judah and the land of Israel also paid for your goods with the finest millet, spices, honey, olive oil, and balm.[#27:17 Or “wheat from Minnith,” a region in Ammon recognized for its strain of wheat. See also Judg. 11:33.; #27:17 The meaning of this Hebrew term panag —a hapax legomenon—is unknown. But the context suggests it is some kind of food, possibly a general term for “spices.”]
18Damascus traded with you, for quantities of your abundant resources of every kind, furnishing you with wine from Helbon and unbleached wool,[#27:18 Helbon is a Syrian town (present day Chalbum) located about ten miles (sixteen kilometers) north of Damascus, famous for high-quality wine.; #27:18 Or “wool from Zahar.” Since the location of Zahar is unknown, some etymologists believe it is a reference to the color of light yellow, thus “unbleached wool.”]
19casks of wine from Izalla, polished iron, cassia and calamus in exchange for your goods.[#27:19 The Hebrew text is uncertain. It reads literally “Vedan [or Dan] and Javan from Uzal.” It is somewhat strange to link Dan in northern Israel and Javan (Greece) with Uzal, a region in southern Arabia. The Hebrew word vedan is related to an Akkadian word for “barrel” or “cask” for storing wine. Izalla is a city in northeast Syria, near the upper Tigris River.; #27:19 Cassia and calamus (or “cane”) are spice plants found in northern India and China.]
20Dedan traded with you in saddle blankets.[#27:20 Dedan may be identified as the modern-day oasis of Al-’Ula in northern Arabia or possibly Kuwait.; #27:20 Or literally “clothes of freedom.”]
21Arabia and all the sheikhs of Kedar were your clients, selling sheep and goats to you.[#27:21 Kedar was one of the sons of Ishmael (see Gen. 25:13), whose descendants lived as nomadic tribes in the northern Arabian Desert.; #27:21 Or literally “traders of your hand,” a possible phrase to describe them as Tyre’s agents who acted on their behalf.]
22Businessmen of Sheba and Raamah traded with you the finest spices, precious stones, and gold.[#27:22 Sheba was a kingdom in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula. See 1 Kings 10:1.; #27:22 Raamah was possibly the capital city of Sheba.]
23Haran, Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad were your trading partners.[#27:23 Haran was an Assyrian city about 310 miles (498 kilometers) from Tyre. Haran was the place from which Abraham migrated to Canaan (see Gen. 12:4).; #27:23 Canneh was an Assyrian trade center of uncertain location.; #27:23 This is not the “garden of Eden” but a Syrian city-state called Beth Eden located west of Haran.; #27:23 Asshur was the capital city of Assyria on the Tigris River almost five hundred miles (over eight hundred kilometers) from Tyre.; #27:23 Chilmad was an Assyrian city of unknown location. This chapter lists thirty-six nations or people groups that traded with Tyre.]
24In your marketplace they sold you gorgeous embroidered clothing, purple cloaks, multi-colored carpets, and well-made cords for your merchandise.’ ”
25“ ‘Heavily loaded Spanish ships[#27:25 Or “Ships of Tarshish [from Spain],” a phrase that came to mean large, seagoing cargo vessels.]
carried your wares in the heart of the seas.
26Your oarsmen rowed you
out to the open sea.
Stormy east winds wrecked you
and sent you to the bottom of the sea.
27On the day of your shipwreck,
your riches, your goods, your cargo,
your seamen, your sailors,
your caulkers, your dealers,
all the warriors you carry,
and all the passengers who are aboard
will sink into the heart of the sea!
28When they hear the shouts of your drowning sailors,
the people on shore will tremble with fear.
29All the oarsmen will abandon ship;
the seamen and sailors will come ashore.
30They will wail aloud over you
and weep bitterly.
They will throw dust on their heads in mourning
and lie in ashes.
31They will shave their heads in sorrow for you
and dress themselves in sackcloth.
They will weep bitterly for you, Tyre ,
with heartfelt sorrow over your fall .
32Grieving, they will chant a funeral song for you,
and wail with lament over you, saying:
“Who is like Tyre,
like a tower surrounded by the sea?”
33When you exported your goods
to satisfy so many peoples
with the abundance of your wealth and wares
you enriched the kings of the earth.
34Now you are broken to pieces by the waves;
you lie at the bottom of the sea.
Your cargo and all your crew
have foundered with you.
35Those who dwell on the coast and the islands
are stunned at your fate.
Horror is written on the faces of their kings,
and their hair stands on end.
36Your trading partners hiss at you in scorn,
for you have come to a dreadful end.
You are gone forever, never to return!’ ”