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1Who is this who comes from Edom,[#sn Edom is here an archetype for the Lord’s enemies. See 34:5.]
dressed in bright red, coming from Bozrah?
Who is this one wearing royal attire,
who marches confidently because of his great strength?
“It is I, the one who announces vindication,
and who is able to deliver!”
2Why are your clothes red?
Why do you look like someone who has stomped on grapes in a vat?
3“I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself;
no one from the nations joined me.
I stomped on them in my anger;
I trampled them down in my rage.
Their juice splashed on my garments,
and stained all my clothes.
4For I looked forward to the day of vengeance,
and then payback time arrived.
5I looked, but there was no one to help;
I was shocked because there was no one offering support.
So my right arm accomplished deliverance;
my raging anger drove me on.
6I trampled nations in my anger,
I made them drunk in my rage,
I splashed their blood on the ground.”
7I will tell of the faithful acts of the Lord ,
of the Lord ’s praiseworthy deeds.
I will tell about all the Lord did for us,
the many good things he did for the family of Israel,
because of his compassion and great faithfulness.
8He said, “Certainly they will be my people,
children who are not disloyal.”
He became their deliverer.
9Through all that they suffered, he suffered too.[#tn Heb “in all their distress, there was distress to him” (reading לוֹ [lo] with the margin/Qere).]
The messenger sent from his very presence delivered them.
In his love and mercy he protected them;
he lifted them up and carried them throughout ancient times.
10But they rebelled and offended his holy Spirit,[#tn Or “grieved, hurt the feelings of.”; #sn The phrase “holy Spirit” occurs in the OT only here (in v. 11 as well) and in Ps 51:11 (51:13 HT), where it is associated with the divine presence.]
so he turned into an enemy
and fought against them.
11His people remembered the ancient times.[#tn Heb “and he remembered the days of antiquity, Moses, his people.” The syntax of the statement is unclear. The translation assumes that “his people” is the subject of the verb “remembered.” If original, “Moses” is in apposition to “the days of antiquity,” more precisely identifying the time period referred to. However, the syntactical awkwardness suggests that “Moses” may have been an early marginal note (perhaps identifying “the shepherd of his flock” two lines later) that has worked its way into the text.]
Where is the one who brought them up out of the sea,
along with the shepherd of his flock?
Where is the one who placed his holy Spirit among them,
12the one who made his majestic power available to Moses,[#tn Heb “who caused to go at the right hand of Moses the arm of his splendor.”]
who divided the water before them,
gaining for himself a lasting reputation,
13who led them through the deep water?
Like a horse running on flat land they did not stumble.
14Like an animal that goes down into a valley to graze,[#tn The words “to graze” are supplied in the translation for clarification.]
so the Spirit of the Lord granted them rest.
In this way you guided your people,
gaining for yourself an honored reputation.
15Look down from heaven and take notice,
from your holy, majestic palace!
Where are your zeal and power?
Do not hold back your tender compassion!
16For you are our father,
though Abraham does not know us
and Israel does not recognize us.
You, Lord , are our father;
you have been called our protector from ancient times.
17Why, Lord , do you make us stray from your ways,[#tn Some suggest a tolerative use of the Hiphil here, “[why do] you allow us to stray?” (cf. NLT). Though the Hiphil of תָעָה (ta’ah) appears to be tolerative in Jer 50:6, elsewhere it is preferable or necessary to take it as causative. See Isa 3:12; 9:15; and 30:28, as well as Gen 20:13; 2 Kgs 21:9; Job 12:24-25; Prov 12:26; Jer 23:13, 32; Hos 4:12; Amos 2:4; Mic 3:5.; #tn This probably refers to God’s commands.]
and make our minds stubborn so that we do not obey you?
Return for the sake of your servants,
the tribes of your inheritance!
18For a short time your special nation possessed a land,[#tn Or “holy” (ASV, NASB, NRSV, TEV, NLT).; #tn Heb “for a short time they had a possession, the people of your holiness.”]
but then our adversaries knocked down your holy sanctuary.
19We existed from ancient times,[#tn Heb “we were from antiquity” (see v. 16). The collocation עוֹלָם + מִן + הָיָה (hayah + min + ’olam) occurs only here.]
but you did not rule over them,
they were not your subjects.