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1When Joshua was very old, the Lord told him, “You are very old, and a great deal of land remains to be conquered.[#tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following clause.]
2This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites,
3from the Shihor River east of Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory), including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land[#tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.; #tn Heb “in front of.”; #tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”; #tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”]
4to the south; all the Canaanite territory, from Arah in the region of Sidon to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory;[#tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146.; #tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.”; #tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun).; #tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”map For location see Map1-A1; JP3-F3; JP4-F3.]
5the territory of Byblos and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath.[#tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.”; #tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (lÿvo’) is taken to mean “entrance to.”]
6I will drive out before the Israelites all who live in the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim, all the Sidonians; you be sure to parcel it out to Israel as I instructed you.”[#tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).; #tn Heb “only you, assign it by lots to Israel as an inheritance as I commanded you.”]
7Now, divide up this land among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”[#tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.”]
8The other half of Manasseh, Reuben, and Gad received their allotted tribal lands beyond the Jordan, just as Moses, the Lord ’s servant, had assigned them.[#tn The MT reads “with him,” which is problematic, since the reference would be to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh (not the half mentioned in v. 7).; #tn Heb “received their inheritance, which Moses had assigned to them beyond the Jordan.”]
9Their territory started from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley), included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba as far as Dibon,[#tn The words “their territory started” are supplied in the translation for clarification.]
10and all the cities of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon, and ended at the Ammonite border.
11Their territory also included Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah –[#tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.]
12the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and Edrei. (He was one of the few remaining Rephaites.) Moses defeated them and took their lands.[#tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.; #tn Or “dispossessed them.”]
13But the Israelites did not conquer the Geshurites and Maacathites; Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this very day.[#tn Or “dispossess.”]
14However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance to the Levites; their inheritance is the sacrificial offerings made to the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed them.[#tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.; #tn Heb “did not assign an inheritance.”; #tn That is, “their source of food and life.”; #tn Or “offerings made by fire.”; #tn Or “promised” (Heb “spoke”).sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.]
15Moses assigned land to the tribe of Reuben by its clans.[#tn Heb “assigned to the sons of Reuben.”]
16Their territory started at Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) and included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba,[#tn Heb “their territory was from.”]
17Heshbon and all its surrounding cities on the plain, including Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon,
18Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath,
19Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley,
20Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth.
21It encompassed all the cities of the plain and the whole realm of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. Moses defeated him and the Midianite leaders Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba (they were subjects of Sihon and lived in his territory).[#tn The words “it encompassed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.; #tn Heb “princes of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.”]
22The Israelites killed Balaam son of Beor, the omen reader, along with the others.[#tn Or “diviner.”; #tn Heb “Balaam son of Beor, the omen-reader, the Israelites killed with the sword, along with their slain ones.”]
23The border of the tribe of Reuben was the Jordan. The land allotted to the tribe of Reuben by its clans included these cities and their towns.[#tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben by their clans, the cities and their towns.”]
24Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad by its clans.[#tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.”]
25Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half of Ammonite territory as far as Aroer near Rabbah.[#tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.”; #tn Heb “in front of.”]
26Their territory ran from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir.[#tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.]
27It included the valley of Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth.[#tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”; #sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.]
28The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns.[#tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”]
29Moses assigned land to the half-tribe of Manasseh by its clans.[#tn Heb “assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and it belonged to the half-tribe of Manasseh.”]
30Their territory started at Mahanaim and encompassed all Bashan, the whole realm of King Og of Bashan, including all sixty cities in Havvoth Jair in Bashan.[#tn The words “their territory started at” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.; #sn The Hebrew name Havvoth Jair means “the tent villages of Jair.”]
31Half of Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities in the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were assigned to the descendants of Makir son of Manasseh, to half the descendants of Makir by their clans.
32These are the land assignments made by Moses on the plains of Moab east of the Jordan River opposite Jericho.[#tn Heb “These are [the lands] which Moses gave as an inheritance.”; #tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.map For the location of Jericho see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.]
33However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance to the Levites; their inheritance is the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed them.[#tn Heb “Moses did not assign an inheritance.” The word “land” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what the inheritance consisted of.; #tn That is, “their source of food and life.”; #tn Or “as he promised”; Heb “as he spoke to.”sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.]