Psalm 8

¹O Lord , our Lord,[#tn The plural form of the title emphasizes the Lord’s absolute sovereignty.]

how magnificent is your reputation throughout the earth!

You reveal your majesty in the heavens above!

²From the mouths of children and nursing babies

you have ordained praise on account of your adversaries,

so that you might put an end to the vindictive enemy.

³When I look up at the heavens, which your fingers made,

and see the moon and the stars, which you set in place,

⁴Of what importance is the human race, that you should notice them?[#tn Heb “What is man[kind]?” The singular noun אֱנוֹשׁ (’enosh, “man”) is used here in a collective sense and refers to the human race.; #tn Heb “remember him.”]

Of what importance is mankind, that you should pay attention to them,

⁵and make them a little less than the heavenly beings?[#tn Heb “and you make him lack a little from [the] gods [or “God”].” The Piel form of חָסַר (khasar, “to decrease, to be devoid”) is used only here and in Eccl 4:8, where it means “to deprive, to cause to be lacking.” The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive either carries on the characteristic nuance of the imperfect in v. 5b or indicates a consequence (“so that you make him…”) of the preceding statement (see GKC 328 §111.m). Some prefer to make this an independent clause and translate it as a new sentence, “You made him….” In this case the statement might refer specifically to the creation of the first human couple, Adam and Eve (cf. Gen 1:26-27). The psalmist does appear to allude to Gen 1:26-27, where mankind is created in the image of God and his angelic assembly (note “let us make man in our image” in Gen 1:26). However, the psalmist’s statement need not be limited in its focus to that historical event, for all mankind shares the image imparted to the first human couple. Consequently the psalmist can speak in general terms of the exalted nature of mankind. The referent of אֱלֹהִים (’elohim, “God” or “the heavenly beings”) is unclear. Some understand this as a reference to God alone, but the allusion to Gen 1:26-27 suggests a broader referent, including God and the other heavenly beings (known in other texts as “angels”). The term אֱלֹהִים is also used in this way in Gen 3:5, where the serpent says to the woman, “you will be like the heavenly beings who know good and evil.” (Note Gen 3:22, where God says, “the man has become like one of us.”) Also אֱלֹהִים may refer to the members of the heavenly assembly in Ps 82:1, 6. The LXX (the ancient Greek translation of the OT) reads “angels” in Ps 8:5 (this is the source of the quotation of Ps 8:5 in Heb 2:7).]

You grant mankind honor and majesty;

⁶you appoint them to rule over your creation;[#tn Heb “you cause [i.e., “permit, allow”] him to rule over the works of your hands.”]

you have placed everything under their authority,

⁷including all the sheep and cattle,

as well as the wild animals,

⁸the birds in the sky, the fish in the sea

and everything that moves through the currents of the seas.

⁹O Lord , our Lord,[#tn The plural form of the title emphasizes the Lord’s absolute sovereignty.]

how magnificent is your reputation throughout the earth!