¹Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land on the east side of the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah:[#tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”; #tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”]

²King Sihon of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) – including the city in the middle of the valley and half of Gilead – all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory.[#tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”; #tc The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.]

³His kingdom included the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.[#tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.; #sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.; #sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.]

⁴The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei[#tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.; #tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”]

⁵and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.

⁶Moses the Lord ’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord ’s servant assigned their land to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh.[#tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”]

⁷These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes,[#tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”]

⁸including the hill country, the lowlands, the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev – the land of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:[#tn Or “the foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”; #tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.]

⁹the king of Jericho (one),[#map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.]

the king of Ai – located near Bethel – (one),

¹⁰the king of Jerusalem (one),[#map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.]

the king of Hebron (one),

¹¹the king of Jarmuth (one),

the king of Lachish (one),

¹²the king of Eglon (one),

the king of Gezer (one),

¹³the king of Debir (one),

the king of Geder (one),

¹⁴the king of Hormah (one),

the king of Arad (one),

¹⁵the king of Libnah (one),

the king of Adullam (one),

¹⁶the king of Makkedah (one),

the king of Bethel (one),

¹⁷the king of Tappuah (one),

the king of Hepher (one),

¹⁸the king of Aphek (one),

the king of Lasharon (one),

¹⁹the king of Madon (one),

the king of Hazor (one),

²⁰the king of Shimron Meron (one),

the king of Acshaph (one),

²¹the king of Taanach (one),

the king of Megiddo (one),

²²the king of Kedesh (one),

the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),

²³the king of Dor – near Naphath Dor – (one),

the king of Goyim – near Gilgal – (one),

²⁴the king of Tirzah (one),

a total of thirty-one kings.